考點、難點全剖析

— 現(xiàn)在完成時 —

一、現(xiàn)在完成時的含義

表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

二、現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)

主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞

★肯定句

：主語+have/has+過去分詞done

否定句：

主語+have/has+not+過去分詞done

一般疑問句：

Have/Has+主語+過去分詞done

Yes,主語+have/has.

No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t

（劃重點，這個經(jīng)常在單選中出現(xiàn)）

★過去分詞：

1、規(guī)則動詞：

規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。

四點變化規(guī)則：

①一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ed”:

work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited

②以“e”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“d”:

live---lived---lived,

③以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，將"y"變?yōu)?quot;i"，再加“ed”:

study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried

④重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ed”:

stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped--dropped

2.不規(guī)則動詞

不規(guī)則的就只能靠自己去記憶啦!

建議在平時的學(xué)習(xí)過程中自己動手整理，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個就把它記到自己的整理本或者筆記本上!(注意哦，一定要記在一起啊，記得在筆記本上預(yù)留他們的專屬位置喲)

三、常見用法（重點）

1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，

有以下四大標(biāo)志詞:

①already,just和yet

Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的幫助。

Hehasjustseenthefilm.他剛剛看過這場電影。(看電影這個是已經(jīng)完成的)

Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他還沒有回來。(沒有回來，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響)

②ever和never

This is the best film I have ever seen. 這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。

He has never been to Beijing. 他從沒有到過北京。

③以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志

He says he has been to the USA three times.

④so far，before, recently, lately

He has bought a new car recently.

I haven’t heard from him Jane lately.

2. 表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時刻就已經(jīng)開始，且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與 for（+時間段）,since（+時間點），或 how long連用:

①for + 時段

Mary has been ill for three days.

②since + 過去一個時間點

(自從……以來)

He has been a teacher since 1998.

③since + 時段 + ago

He has studied English since 4 years ago.

④since + 從句(過去時)

I have lived here since I was born.

⑤It is + 時段 + since + 從句(過去時)

It is three days since he arrived here.

四、易錯考點+難點（重點）

注意：

1、表示短暫意義的動詞（即非延續(xù)性動詞）如open, go, come, arrive, leave, lose, fallleave, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成時，在肯定句中不能與for 或 since等引導(dǎo)的時間段連用，（因為它們表示的動作是短暫的，而時間段并不是短暫，所以不匹配）。

例：他到這里三天了.

(×)He has arrived here for three days.

(√)He has been here for three days.

(×)It is three days since he arrived here.

(√)It has been three days since he arrived here.

敲黑板，劃重點!

這一塊是經(jīng)常會考到的內(nèi)容，

一定要注意，

一定要注意，

一定要注意!

重要的事情說三遍!

那么問題來了，如果非要把非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時間連用要怎么辦??

嗯，這個嘛，其實有三種方法：

①非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞

非延續(xù)性動詞

轉(zhuǎn)化

延續(xù)性動詞

buy

→

have

come

→

behere

die

→

bedead

go

→

bethere

leave

→

beaway

arrive/reach

→

be

open/close

→

beopen/beclosed

wakeup

→

beawake

borrow

→

keep

②將時間狀語改為過去時間，并用一般過去時代替現(xiàn)在完成時。

如：SheleftChangchun2yearsago.

她兩年前離開長春。

③用“Itis+一段時間+since從句”表示。

從句中的謂語動詞用非延續(xù)性動詞的過去式

如：It has been three days since he arrived here.

他到這兒已經(jīng)三天了。

2、現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in ，

但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。

例如：

She has already come.她已經(jīng)來了。

I haven’t read it yet.我還沒讀過這個。

I have met him before.我從前曾見過他。

I have often seen him in the street.我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。

They have never been to Yan’an.他們從未去過延安。

I haven't seen him lately.我近來沒看到他。

3、have (has) been 和have (has) gone的區(qū)別：

表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。

試比較：

Where has he been?他剛才到哪里去了?(已經(jīng)回來了)

Where has he gone?他上哪兒去了?(人不在)

They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大)

They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。

專項練習(xí)題

— 現(xiàn)在完成時 —

一、用since和for填空。

1. ____two years 2.____two years ago

3. ____last month 4. ____1999

5. ____ yesterday 6. ____4 o’clock

7.____ 4 hours 8. ____an hour ago

二、選用have, has填空。

1. I _______ told him the news.

2. She ________ come back from school.

3. You ________ won the game.

三、用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空。

1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.

4.— “Have you ________ seen the film?”

—“No, I have ________ seen it.”

5. — “Has the bus left _______?”

—“Yes, it has _________ left.”

四、單項選擇。

1. —Dad, where is mom?

—She______the supermarket.

A. has gone to B. has been to

C. is going to D. went to

2. By the time I graduate next year, I will____ here for 5 years.

A. live B. is living C. lived D. have lived

3. Both his parents look sad.Maybe they____what's happened to him .

A.knew B.have known C. must know D.will know

4. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A.joined B.has joined C. was in D.has been in

5. -Do you know him well ?

- Sure.We ____ friends since ten years ago .

A.were B.have been

C.have become D. have made

6.-How long have you ____ here ?

-About two months .

A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived

7.Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A.has begun B.had begun

C.has been on D.began

8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.

A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live

9. —Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?

— Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.

A. has been to B. has gone to

C. went to D. will go to

10. —____ you ever ____ to the US?

— Yes, twice.

A. Have, gone B. Have, been

C. Do, go D. were, going

五.用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)填空。

1.She’s _____ (live) here ever since she was ten.

2.Both of them ____ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.

3.Both of them ____ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.

4. Half an hour ____ (pass) since the train____ (leave).

5. Mary____(lose) her pen.____you____(see) it here and there?

6. ____ you ____ (find) your watch yet?

7. ---Are you thirsty?

---No I ____ just ____ (have) some orange.

8. We already____ (return) the book.

9. ____ they ____ (build) a new school in the village?

10. I____ (not finish) my homework . Can you help me?

11. My father____ (read) the novel twice.

12. I____ (buy) a book just now.

六、翻譯下面的句子。

1.他還沒有回來。

2. 他們已經(jīng)打掃了教室嗎?

3. 我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識有二十年了。

4. 打那以后，她一直住在這。

5. 他這些天上哪兒去了?

6. 我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。

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